NUBIAN SAINTS OF CHRISTIANITY

AFROETS PRESS INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS

SELECTED EXCERPTS

NUBIAN SAINTS
OF
CHRISTIANITY

A COMPREHENSIVE LISTING WITH PROFILES
COMPLIED & EDITED BY

RAKA
PUBLICATIONS
UNITED KINGDOM
TWO EDITIONS: 1996/1997

INTRODUCTION

The motive of this work is to expose overwhelming evidence of the immense contribution over many centuries by children of AFRIKA (NUBALLA) indigenous and abroad, to the now diluted western religious persuasion: CHRISTIANITY whether Orthodox or Un-Orthodox. I am of the sincere opinion that these facts were heretofore unavailable to the average reader.

In no way do I seek to quantify nor defend the diverse concepts of this dogma. It is my deepest wish that all readers, regardless of their ethnic origin, may be inspired by this offering. Let the numerous myths perpetrated over the centuries be finally put to rest.

For the children of NUBALLA did govern early Christian Empires with Monotheistic conviction. While in the latter times, they did substantially conduce to the now prevalent conviction of Jesus Christ as an integral part of the “HOLY TRINITY” during and after the phenomena of ANTIOCH.

I refrained from using the description ‘BLACK’ in an effort to avoid the negative connotations this word has represented over the centuries, and today especially in English Language. Even the antagonist and sometimes agonizing debate of a NUBIAN MADONNA or the racial identity of her revered son, has been purposely omitted since it is not relevant to the quest of this journey.

However the undisputed antiquities of Alexandria, Theban Delta, Carthage, Numidia, Soba, Axum, Nobadia, Alodia and Muqqurra on the continent of NUBALLA dwarfing Rome and Constantinople could not be resisted. Nor the everlasting impact of legends that feature ZEUS, LILLITH, ISIS, HERMES and SIBYL excluded.

The theme of this work was inspired by the miraculous surviving influence of Saints MAURICE, AUGUSTINE, GREGORY, KATHERINE, THOMAS, VICTOR, BENEDICT, ANTHONY, MENAS, MONICA, ALODIA, THEODORA and ADDAI amongst others. This is the wilful, but well -meaning focus of this publication. In addition I have include other Christians who have had great impact on this faith.

May it evoke euphoria or even nostalgia for the good old days by the starved multitudes of modern day adherents of Christianity. I reiterate that I do not seek to dispute nor promote any particular sect of Christianity. Yet Saints are an intriguing group of men, women and children of all races (powerful, powerless, inept, articulate and disabled) who through their dedication, suffered, and in many instances gave their lives in exchange for the perpetuation of a doctrine. While, the worship of saints is a concept of ancestral worship that has always been an integral part of Afrikan culture.

Though many of the alleged miracles and sacrifices seem incredible to us today, the purpose of this work is not to judge these individuals but rather expose their lineage. For while I cannot pretend to be a supporter of the criteria utilized by various CHURCHES to deify / canonize these adherents, its useful to note that many have been purposely omitted from religious calendars. As a subscriber to the study of COMPARATIVE RELIGION with its’ anthropological link, I am therefore bounded to narrate the contributions of the Nubian Saints of Christianity.

This work is but a celebration of endurance and persistent faith as displayed by many across the globe. Those who despite varying acute conditions (especially non sympathetic political systems of the Right, Moderate and Left) have triumphed with resistance and glory -a dignity non solvent unto this day.

HALLELUJAH !!

ROI ANKHKARA GUNAPO KWABENA

1995-05-29
Untermeitingen, Augsburg
( LECHFELDS via CLAUDIUS ROUTE ROMANTA STRA )
BAVARIA, GERMANY
EUROPE

SELECTED PROFILES
OF NUBIAN SAINTS

AUGUSTINE (Born Nov. 13, 354 C.E - Died August 28, 430 C.E )

Born in North Afrika. His mother, Saint Monica, was tried by his early years which he spent in vice. He later became a professor of rhetoric. He worked in Tagaste, Carthage, Rome and Milan. He was baptized by St. Ambrose at age 32, the same year his mother died. For many years he lived a monastic life with a few associates near Tagaste. He was ordained a priest at Hippo and within three years, became the bishop of the city. From this time he dedicated all his intellectual ability to being a defender of the faith. His ideas are followed to this day by monks, nuns, priests, canons, friars and hermits. He is one of the most prolific thinkers and certainly one of the most influential. His writings are considered classics and it is well known that he influenced individuals like Luther who went on to form his own sect in Augsburg, Germany. In life, Augustine can be described as a rebellious youth who went on to be a scholar and thence to be one of the most revered saints. His relics are enshrined in many Christian centres throughout the world. (

August 28)

AURELIUS (Died 429) A deacon at Carthage who was made bishop in 392. A close friend of Augustine. He is credited with convening many synods to combat heresy. (July 20)

AURELIUS (Died 852) He was born to a Moorish father and Spanish Mother. He was secretly raised as a Christian from a child by his aunt during the persecution of Christians. He married a Moorish woman who assumed the name Nathlie. They practised their convictions openly without fear. Both were beheaded with a monk called George (from Jerusalem) whom they befriended. (July 27)

AVITUS A martyr venerated in Afrika. He was an apostle and first bishop in the Canary Islands. (January 27)

BALTHASAR ( 1 C.E.) One of the Wise Kings that visited the infant Jesus in the manager. Referred to as one of the 'Magi’, he was accompanied by CASPAR and MELCHIOR.(July 23)

BERNARD, MARY AND GRACIA ( Died 1180) They were the children of Al Mazor, the Kalifah in Catatonia in Spain. their Arabic names were respectfully- AHMAAD, ZORADA, & ZAYDA. Ahmaad was first to convert to Christianity and became a monk. He later converted his sisters who became nuns. They tried to convert another brother who reported them,they were all exposed and executed. They are the patron saints of Alcira inSpain.(June1)

BRUNO SERONKUMA (Died 1885) Soldier of king Mwanga of Uganda. He was baptized and led may however was burnt alive two weeks later. (June3)

BASILIDIES (Died 205) He was a soldier given the duty to escort the Saint Potamiana. He shielded her from a mob was converted and was martyred. (June 30)

BENEDICT THE MOOR (1526-89) First was sold as a slave in Italy .He was later freed and became a solitary settling with other hermits. He soon became a superior in his community and received due recognition . His reputation for being pious earned him quite reputation. As a confessor he attracted many visitors who craved to see this obscure cook. He is the patron saint of the Afrikan-Americans. His title the Moor is derived from Italian for :IL MORO (the black) (April 4)

BESSARION (4 CE) A native of Egypt and hermit under St. Augustine. He was tortured for his convictions and died defiant. (June 17)

CAESARIUS Legend relates that he was a Deacon from Sudan who on a visit to Italy protested against the pagan custom of sacrificing a youth to the deity Apollo. He was seized and kept imprisoned for almost two years before being placed in a sack with a priest called Julian and thrown into the Sea. (November 1)

CALLISTRATUS (Died 300) A Theban Soldier who along with fifty of his companions were put to death in Constantinople for their beliefs. they were placed in individual sacks and thrown into the sea. (September 26)

CANDIDA (Died 300) A virgin believer from Carthage who was martyred by Maximian Herculeus. (September 20)

CYPRIAN (200 - 258 ) He was a native of Carthage. He was a leading pagan lawyer and teacher. He was converted to Christianity in 246 and soon became a leading author of many books and a scholar on the Bible. he was elected Bishop of Carthage before having to flee persecution. He returned after being severely criticized for his departure. Cyprian was involved in many controversies and came into conflict with the Pope of the time. He was arrestedand beheaded for refusing to sacrifice to pagan gods. He is considered a leading pioneer of Latin Christian literature. ( September16 )

CYPRIAN ( 484 ) A bishop of North Afrika who was driven into the Libyan desert with thousands of fellow Christians. He was subjected to cruel torture before being executed. ( October 12 )

CYRIL of ALEXANDRIA (376 - 444) He was the nephew of the Patriarch of Alexandra, and also succeeded him. There was a riot between his supporters and those of his rival. He closed their Noviantians churches, drove the Jews from the city and expelled the Governor. He once got into conflict with the Patriarch of Constantinople who preached that Mary was not the Mother of God since Christ was divine and not human therefore she could not be called:'God bearer’. Several charges were brought against him, he was found innocent of all. Cyril was a well known theologian of the Alexandrian tradition and wrote several books on the Trinity and the Incarnation. Because of his accurate reasoning skill he was declared Doctorof the Church by the Pope of 1882. (March 6)

DIONYSIA ( Died 484 ) During the persecution of Christians in Afrika, the beautiful Dionysia was arrested and scourged for her faith. She was burnt at the stake with many others including Victoria, who refused to renounce her faith for the sake of her children. (December 6 )

DATIUS (6 C.E.) He and two groups of Afrikan martyrs were burnt at the stake. ( January 27 )

DIOSCORUS (250) At the age of fifteen in Egypt he was arrested and tortured for his belief. His

companions were burnt to death but he was released because of his age. (

December 14 )

ELESBAAN (Died 555 ) Axumite king who led an expedition against Dunaan, a convert to Judaism. Dunaan led a revolt against christians in Southern Arabia. Elesbaan defeated and killed Dunaan and then permitted atrocities against Dunaan’s followers. A monophysite, he migrated before dying as a monk in Jerusalem.( October 24 )

ELIAS (Died 309) He and his companions were visiting Christians who were condemned to work in the mines at Cilicia. They were apprehended and brought before the governor accused as christians. They were tortured and then beheaded. A servant who demanded that their bodies be buried was burnt to death. Another christian, witnessing the servant's death, applauded him. He too was put to death.

FELIX THE MOOR (Died 303) A soldier who along with his companion were beheaded for their confession of faith. (July 20)

FELIX ( Died 303) A Bishop of Thibiuca in Afrika. He refused to surrender his books to the local magistrate and was sent to the pro consul of Carthage . He persisted in his refusal and was beheaded. (October 21)

FLORA (Died 851) She was born in Spain as a daughter to a muslim.However her mother secretly raised her a Christian. She was betrayed by her brother and publicly scourged. She was placed in his custody but escaped. She became friends with the sister of a martyr. They both decided to give themselves up and were sentenced to a brothel. They remained firm in their faith before being beheaded. (November 24)

FRANCIS OF ASSISI (1181-1226) He was born to wealthy parents in Italy and lived an extravagant life. His mother christened him John, but his father called him Francis. Francis served as a soldier before capture. He received a vision of Christ and proceeded to preach the gospel. His father became angry for the devotion he adopted to care for the sick and live a life of poverty. He was called a mad man and was disinherited. he repaired many churches and was the first to construct a crèche which became a custom all over the Christian world. Though he was never ordained he experienced many supernatural experiences, including receiving the

‘stigmata’. After his death he became to be regarded as one of the most outstanding examples of devotion to the poor and the works of the Creator. (

October 4)

GABRE MIKA’EL (1791-1855) An Ethiopian monk famed for his zeal and scholarship. He came into contact with the Catholic teaching in Rome and converted. However on his return home he became controversial for training Ethiopians in the doctrine and for his books on Catechism. He was banished to Massawa in 1841. He returned to Ethiopia secretly before the enthronement of another emperor who declared that all Catholics should be tortured and executed. Gabre was spared but was held prisoner until his death. (September 1)

GELASIUSI I (Died 496) He was the son of a Nubian called Valerius. Galasiusi became a member of the Roman clergy and was elected Pope on 1st March 492 C.E.. He succeeded Pope Felix II. Gelasiusi was famed for his holiness, justice and charity. He was well learnt and soon became a problem to the patriarch of Constaniople. He defended the patriarchs of Alexandria and Antioch and the rights of the Church. (November 21)

ISCHYRION (Died 250) He worked with the magistrate of Alexandria and was tortured and then impaled for refusing to sacrifice to pagan gods. (December 22)

ISIDORE OF ALEXANDRIA (319- 404) A wealthy Egyptian who became a hermit in the Nitrian desert after distributing his wealth to the poor. He was ordained and went to Rome in 341. He was a director of a hospital in Constantinople. But his later life was troubled since he was excommunicated for his Origenist teachings. He died in Constaniople. (January 15)

ISIDORE OF CHIOS (Died 251 C.E.) He was born in Egypt and became an officer in the Roman army. He was with the fleet when it went to the Greek island of Chios. There he was denounced as a Christian by the commander of the fleet. He was tortured and then beheaded. His body was thrown into a well which became a shrine of healing. ( May 15 )

ISIDORE OF PELUSIUM ( Died 450 ) Born in Alexandria and left the city in his youth. He became a monk in a monastery near Pelisium. Soon after being ordained he became an abbot and was revered for his devotion. He was also famed for his piety and theological instructions which comprised over two thousand letters. He wrote more than ten thousand letters in his lifetime opposing Nastorianism. ( February 4 )

JOHN THE DWARF (5 C.E.) A native of Basta in Egypt. In his youth he became a hermit in the desert living a life of obedience and humility. He was so obedient that he watered a stick in the ground unquestionably when ordered to do so by the spiritual leader. He left the desert to escape Arabs and settled on a mountain, where he died. ( October 17 )

MONICA (331 - 387) Born in Tagaste in North Afrika to christian parents. She nertheless married a pagan known for his habits and temper. They had three children, Augustine, Navigius & Perpetua. Through her prayers she converted her husbandand his mother. She became a widow one year later and prayed for Augustine who went to study in Carthage. For Augustine lived a wayward life and had a mistress. She followed him to Rome and Milan where he embraced Christianity. She lived with him, his son and associates. She died in Italy while awaiting a ship to take them back to Afrika. She is considered a model for Christian mothers and a Patroness for married women. ( August 27 )

MOSES THE BLACK (330 -405) A feared Ethiopian who became a hermit. He refused to defend himself against a band of Arabs and was murdered along with six other monks.

( August 28 )

MZEC JOHN MARY (Died 1887) A Ugandan who baptized many of his fellowmen awaiting execution decreed by King Mwanga. He was beheaded for his faith. ( June 3 )

NEMESIAN (Died 257) He was the bishop of Numidia who was imprisoned with other bishops and clergy in Alexandria for their religion. He was condemned to hard labour in the marble quarries where he died. ( September 10 )

OPTATUS (Died 387) He was converted from 'paganism' to Christianity and became a bishop of Numidia. He was praised by St. Augustine and wrote several books, one of which speaks of the supremacy of the Pope. ( June 4 )

PELEUS ( Died 310) He and another Egyptian bishop known as Nilus, were burnt to death in Palestine. ( September 14 )

PONTIUS (Died 260 ) Bishop of Carthage and a writer. (March 8 )

POSSIDUS (Died 440) An Afrikan who studied under St. Augustine and became a bishop of Numidia in 397. He took refuge with Augustine when vandals overtook Numidia and died in his arms. He was also a writer who wrote about Augustine’s works. ( May 16 )

SATURNINUS (Died 304 ) An Afrikan priest of Abitina, who was arrested with his congregation while saying mass. He was charged for possession of Bibles which were outlawed. He was taken to Carthage where he was imprisoned and tortured. (February 11)

SEVERINUS (Died 480) An Afrikan of Roman birth who spent his early life as a hermit of the deserts before migrating to Noricum(Austria). He was renown for his preaching and prophecies. He accurately foretold the destruction of Stockerau, when his missionary efforts were not successful there. He performed many miracles and travelled constantly while

establishing many monasteries. He ransomed captives and was consulted by commoners and rulers. (

January 5)

SHENUTE (Died 450) An Egyptian who became a monk in 370 at the double monastery in the Thebaid. He succeeded his uncle who was the abbot. His austerities and strict rules at this centre was well known . At least two thousand monks and eighteen hundred nuns were under his guidance. He was an Archimandrite for surrounding monasteries, being a leader in the development of this way of life. He wrote extensively in Coptic. (July 1)

THEODORA OF ALEXANDRIA (Died 304) The wife of the prefect of Egypt, who left him to live a life of penance as a hermitess in the Thebaid. It was not until after her death that her gender was discovered. (September 11)

SAINT MAURICE

PATRON OF GERMAN ROYALTY

     A celebrated personality in Europe since the Third Century of the Christian era. He was born a Theban (Nubian) in Upper Egypt / Sudan. Yet though Christianity was flourishing in this region, it was under the control of the Roman Empire as other lands in the vicinity of the Mediterranean Sea.
    St. Maurice, was the leader of the Roman legion of the district. In autumn of 285 C.E., Emperor Maximilian sent a large army to Switzerland to oppose a rebellion in the south of Galla. These forces included the Theban Legion.
          St. Maurice was assigned to Agaunium, 20 Kilometers from the Genfer Lakes. At a large field service before the battle, the soldiers were required to worship icons of pagan gods which included a statue of the emperor. The entire legion refused. This was considered an act of rebellion and blasphemy. They were
charged with high treason and mutiny   before the enemy. The result was the beheading of Maurice and his companions.
         From   then, Christians   cherished and adored Maurice as a martyr. Within a century of   his passing, he was beatified and a church was constructed over his tomb. The   Swiss national flag bears a white   cross in   his   honour. Over   the ages the cult of Maurice spread over Germany where   he   became the   official    Saint Knight of   the Emperors   and   Bishops who sought his miracles and blessings. Coins and Coats of Arms   for many districts and cities in Germany were made in his honour. He is still   worshipped in   Poland, Romania, Switzerland, Austria, Greece,   Italy, Czechoslovakia, Hungary,    Britain, Germany & the former states of Yugoslavia, where his iconography decorates churches and shrines.
        His feast days are :- February 25th; June 3rd; September 11th, 22nd, & 28th; October 11th, 16th & 19th.

SACRED TEXTS

           The legacy of scriptural literature by early Nubians is not well known to many who preach and profess to practice Christianity.   If anything, the crucial evidence is suppressed by the powers that be, hidden away in the vaults of numerous academic and religious libraries / museums across   Europe ( East & West ).
       Nevertheless these priceless documents provide distinct proof of the invaluable contributions made by Nubian Christians over the centuries. These works have provided the basis for the way of life of the faithful from the earliest times unto present day. It is unfortunate that not enough is being done currently to promote   this   knowledge by way of research and dissemination.
     There is much scope for study of the many   thousand   manuscripts (Ecclesiastical and literary)   from    the Nubian Christian Epoch. However   these should    not   be isolated   from   similar works of other Nubian theologians who were    based   in Constantinople, Spain,   Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Malta, Palestine,   Arabia, Turkey, Iraq and Asia. The relatively    peaceful   contact and co-existence of   these    Monophysitic   Christians    with   the   Islaamic World   is another subject    worth examination. The   case is   that    many     of   these manuscripts     were    preserved in   Arabic before translation   to   Amharic (aka AMHARIGNA, a Semitic language   which   along   with    the Tigrigna   tongue both    descended from Ge’ez   the ancient lingua of Axum) . Actually    tolerance   of religious   persuasions with attendant   diversity    is    vital    in   the pursuit of knowledge.
    Reproduced    here are    distinctive     examples   of   these   ancient   texts, albeit purposely    secreted   away. My original   intention was   to    include   as   many examples of these works.   However   owing    to   the   size   of   this    publication, only   a sampling of   small   extracts are included.

Among the many worthy pristine references excluded are:

* GOSPEL BOOK (ABBA GUERIMA)
* PRAISE YE WITH ORGAN ( ELLENI )
* RAYS OF THE SUN ( ELLENI )
* DEGOUA- FEAST DAYS OF THE YEAR ( YARED )
* BOOK OF JUBILEES
* ASCENSION OF ISIAH
* A SHEPERD (HERMAS)
* APOCALYPSE OF ESDRAS
* THE GARDEN (GANNAT)
* MASHAFA BERHAN ( Book of the Light )
* HISTORIES OF THE HOLY FATHERS
* GARDEN OF THE MONKS
* ROYAL GENEALOGIES
( NEBOURE ID GUEBRE SELLASSIE )

Further research may be conducted by the reader merely by consulting the bibliography provided. It was indeed a difficult task to exclude vast amounts of pertinent material made available to me over a decade of research that led me to institutions on the motherland, Nuballa ( Ethiopia / Egypt / Sudan ) and across Europe.

QUOTED SACRED TEXTS

MASHAFA SENKESAR
ETHIOPIC SYNAXARIUM

BOOK OF THE SAINTS OF ETHIOPIA CHURCH

         This unique work of over five large volumes contains the histories of Angels and Archangels and their relationship to humanity. It is an impressive collection of accurate narration of lives led by the Patriarchs, Prophets, Apostles, archbishops, Bishops, Anchorites, Coenobites in addition to the lesser known and fabled Ascetics who roamed the deserts of Egypt,Sudan, Libya, and Ethiopia. These records were translated into Ethiopic (GE’EZ ) from the Arabic in which it was preserved. The Arabic versions were made from the Coptic work: LIVES OF THE SAINTS. Examples of this masterpiece are available in Latin, Greek, and Syriac.
         Most of the saints recorded were martyrs. It is also worthy to note that the compilers of these records, had intimate knowledge of the monastic lifestyles led by many in the Thebaid, Aswan and Lower Egypt. This book of saints can be rightly referred to as 'The Book of Martyrs’. The authors were Bishops Abba Mikael and A'bba John who had many dedicated research assistants in the persons of several priests.
         The MASHAFA SENKESAR is dated to the early Tenth Century of the Christian Era. It is a daily record, according to the Ethiopian Calendar of the Martyrs with an in-depth analysis of their contributions. Examples of the conflicts of Racism and the Monotheistic concept versus the Trinity are highlighted. This is another valuable resource, deserving of more exposure.

ETHIOPIAN MONASTERIES

Here is
listing of Ethiopian Monasteries
(though not a totally comprehensive one)

* Abba Garima *Asatan Maryam *Dabra Bizan-
*Dabra Maryam *Gunda Gunde * Haiq
*Kebran * Lalibala * Ura *Kidana Mehrat *Zeway

LAFAFA SEDEK

BANDLET OF RIGHTEOUSNESS

        The most fascinating collection of sacred texts is without doubt the‘BANDLET OF RIGHTEOUSNESS’. Among the contents is the awe-inspiring 'SCROLLS OF LIFE' (MASHAFA HAYWAT ) in Ethiopic and the 'MYSTICAL NAMES OF THE PERSONS OF THE TRINITY’ ( TERGUAME FIDAL ) in Amharic.
         European Archaeologists in their disturbance of sites of antiquity in Ethiopia and Sudan discovered numerous strips of parchment. Some of these strips were wrapped around the bodies of the deceased. These were confiscated under the guise of research and preservation by these plunderers.
         It is an established fact that early burials in Nuballa were originally made in coffins made of reed. Bandages of parchments were used to wrap the dead as part of an ancient tradition linked to the belief that they will assist the wearer to come forth on the day of Judgement.
          Parchments were also used as amulets. Upon which were inscribed spells, mystical symbols, crosses and figurines to ward off disease and sickness in men and children. It was used by women as protection, especially for miscarriages/abortions caused by evil spirits and ensure safe delivery.
         Those accused for the illegal removal / theft of these sacred items are now also accountable for mis-guidance. They even erroneously suggested that the stolen loot of parchments, now located in many inaccessible vaults of several libraries, museums, and universities constitute the famed 'LAFAFA SEDEK’.
         However these hold very little in common with the authentic ‘Scroll of Life’, which has the claim of being written by the hands of the Creator. It was conceived to protect the deceased from mutilation in the grave and the awful fire in Hell. This scroll serves as a key to attain everlasting life in paradise.
         This fact links it directly with the ' PERT EM HRU ’ . This is also known as the ‘Egyptian Book of the Dead’ of which the best preserved copy is the ‘PAPYRUS OF ANI’ and dates to the Eighteenth Dynasty of Kushite regents ( 1575 B.C.E.)in TA MERI. While othercopies date from as early as the Fifth Dynasty.
         The ancestors of the Christians of Sudan and Ethiopia were the ones who established an ancient culture which eventually exported civilization to the north (i.e. TAMERI/ KMT ) since 3500 B.C.E. This was done under the leadership of a regent known only by the name ‘SCORPION’.
          Throughout succeeding dynasties of regents, the worship of Deities such as OSIRIS, ISIS , Horus ( representing DEATH, Motherhood and the Resurrection) and THEHUTI ( aka THOTH: the author of spells & prayers) were established. For it is common knowledge that Greek scholars studied the HERMITICA:teachings of the deity THOTH. Clearly this indicates an irrefutable connection to the concepts adhered to by Christianity.
         The Egyptian Book of the Dead also promoted the belief that it's spells would preserve the dead, procuring for their souls everlasting life, complete with comfort and happiness in the afterlife.
          Many of the latter day construction of pyramids and temples after the Twenty Fifth Dynasty were in Meroe, Napata and Semna in Sudan. The walls of these monuments like their counterparts in Egypt, are adorned with reliefs of vignettes from the 'Saite Recession' of the 'Papyrus of Ani'.
         It is also recorded that a king of the Axum empire imported to his region a black stone from Kush. This relic was found in 1771 C.E.. Upon which was inscribed an illustration of the Nubian deity HERU (HORUS) on one side and the other with magical spells in Kushite Hieroglyphs.
         The religion of Christianity from its origin adopted many of the same ancient concepts of Kush. AUSAR ( OSIRIS ) represents Jesus, with AUSET ( ISIS )as his mother and Horus as the reincarnation/ resurrection. The Osiris legend has many inferences that have been inadvertently repeated in the Bible. For example the thirteen pieces into whichOsiris was cut and the thirteen pieces of silver in the episode of Jesus' persecution.
         The name ‘BANDLET OF RIGHTEOUSNESS’was derived from the name‘LAFAFA SEDEK’.

SEDEK:TRUTH/ JUSTICE / RIGHTEOUSNESS
LAFAFA: SHROUD / WRAPPING / TO ENVELOPE / TO TIE

         The word SEDEK survives in the Arabic language as SAADIQ, with the same meaning. While in the era of Ta-Nuhusi and TAMERI the same meaning was ascribed to the prominent female deity of the regents known as - MA’AT.
          The LAFAFA SEDEK has its origin in the suggestion that JESUS the Christ appeared to his mother MARYAM and conducted her on a tour through HEAVEN and HELL. The seal of Solomon is inscribed all over the document. This symbol was reported to have been bestowed as a gift to Makeda (Queen of Sheba) who passed iton to her son Menyelek.
   The words- ‘It guideth to Righteousness’ is written after every spell.

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